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    <meta name="author" content="Denise Fisher" />
    <meta name="course" content="ES01" />
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      <h1>Course contents</h1>
      <h2>Why Breastfeeding is Important</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_1-0.html#Baby_Friendly_Initiative">Baby Friendly Initiative</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Biochemistry</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_1-1.html#a._Protein">a. Protein</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_1-1.html#b._Carbohydrates">b. Carbohydrates</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_1-1.html#c._Milk_Lipids_fats_">c. Milk Lipids (fats)</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_1-1.html#Foremilk_vs_Hindmilk">Foremilk vs Hindmilk</a></li><li>3.2 <a href="topic_1-1.html#Breastmilk_storage_capacity">Breastmilk storage capacity</a></li><li>3.3 <a href="topic_1-1.html#Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_1-1.html#d._Vitamins">d. Vitamins</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_1-1.html#e._Minerals">e. Minerals</a><ol><li>5.1 <a href="topic_1-1.html#Calcium">Calcium</a></li><li>5.2 <a href="topic_1-1.html#Iron">Iron</a></li><li>5.3 <a href="topic_1-1.html#Iodine">Iodine</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_1-1.html#f._Water">f. Water</a></li>
        <li>7 <a href="topic_1-1.html#The_taste_of_breastmilk">The taste of breastmilk</a><ol><li>7.1 <a href="topic_1-1.html#Dietary_advice">Dietary advice</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>8 <a href="topic_1-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>9 <a href="topic_1-1.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Immunology</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Protective_components_of_breastmilk">Protective components of breastmilk</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Proteins">Proteins</a><ol><li>1.1.1 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Immunoglobulins">Immunoglobulins</a></li><li>1.1.2 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Lactoferrin">Lactoferrin</a></li><li>1.1.3 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Alpha-Lactalbumin">Alpha-Lactalbumin</a></li><li>1.1.4 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Lysozyme">Lysozyme</a></li></ol></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Carbohydrates">Carbohydrates</a><ol><li>1.2.1 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Oligosaccharides">Oligosaccharides</a></li></ol></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Lipids_and_milk_fat_globules">Lipids and milk fat globules</a></li><li>1.4 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Cellular_components">Cellular components</a></li><li>1.5 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Other_protective_factors">Other protective factors</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_1-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_1-2.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Relative risks</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Acute_diseases_attributable_to_artificial_feeding">Acute diseases attributable to artificial feeding</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Diarrhoea_diarrhea_">Diarrhoea (diarrhea)</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Otitis_media_middle_ear_infection_">Otitis media (middle ear infection)</a></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></li><li>1.4 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Urinary_Tract_Infection">Urinary Tract Infection</a></li><li>1.5 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Necrotising_Enterocolitis">Necrotising Enterocolitis</a></li><li>1.6 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Septicemia_and_Meningitis">Septicemia and Meningitis</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Chronic_diseases_attributable_to_artificial_feeding">Chronic diseases attributable to artificial feeding</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Type_1_Diabetes_Mellitus_Insulin-dependent_diabetes_">Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Insulin-dependent diabetes)</a><ol><li>2.1.1 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Type_2_Diabetes">Type 2 Diabetes</a></li></ol></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Coeliac_Celiac_Disease">Coeliac (Celiac) Disease</a></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Obesity">Obesity</a></li><li>2.4 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Childhood_Cancer">Childhood Cancer</a></li><li>2.5 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Inflammatory_Bowel_Diseases">Inflammatory Bowel Diseases</a></li><li>2.6 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Allergic_Responses">Allergic Responses</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Developmental_Deficits">Developmental Deficits</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Sudden_Infant_Death_Syndrome_SIDS_">Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_1-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
        <li>7 <a href="topic_1-3.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Communication Skills</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_2-0.html#Personal_Qualities">Personal Qualities</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_2-0.html#Genuineness">Genuineness</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_2-0.html#Non-possessive_love">Non-possessive love</a></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_2-0.html#Empathy">Empathy</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_2-0.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_2-0.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Non-verbal</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_2-1.html#What_do_you_want_to_communicate_">What do you want to communicate?</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_2-1.html#Posture">Posture</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_2-1.html#Appropriate_body_motion">Appropriate body motion</a></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_2-1.html#Eye_contact">Eye contact</a></li><li>1.4 <a href="topic_2-1.html#Minimal_encouragers">Minimal encouragers</a></li><li>1.5 <a href="topic_2-1.html#Non-distracting_environment">Non-distracting environment</a></li><li>1.6 <a href="topic_2-1.html#Time">Time</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_2-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_2-1.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Listening skills</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_2-2.html#Reflective_listening">Reflective listening</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_2-2.html#Paraphrasing">Paraphrasing</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_2-2.html#Reflecting_feelings">Reflecting feelings</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_2-2.html#Appropriate_questioning">Appropriate questioning</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_2-2.html#About_questioning">About questioning</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_2-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Building confidence</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_2-3.html#Acceptance">Acceptance</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_2-3.html#Avoiding_judgmental_words">Avoiding judgmental words</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_2-3.html#Acknowledge_what_is_right">Acknowledge what is right</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_2-3.html#Use_language_that_is_easily_understood">Use language that is easily understood</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_2-3.html#Provide_relevant_information">Provide relevant information</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_2-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>An example</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_2-4.html#An_example_of_good_communication_skills">An example of good communication skills</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_2-4.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Pregnancy Care</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_3-0.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_3_and_Point_3">Baby Friendly Step 3 and Point 3</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_3-0.html#Broaching_the_topic">Broaching the topic</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_3-0.html#When_the_mother_does_not_breastfeed">When the mother does not breastfeed</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_3-0.html#Prenatal_education_">Prenatal education </a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_3-0.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_3-0.html#Skills_Competency_1">Skills Competency #1</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>The feeding decision</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_3-1.html#What_is_most_influential_">What is most influential?</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_3-1.html#But_not_everyone_can_breastfeed_">But not everyone can breastfeed!</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_3-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_3-1.html#Self_-test_quiz">Self -test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>The barriers</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_3-2.html#Societal_barriers">Societal barriers</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_3-2.html#Health_provider_knowledge_skills_and_management">Health provider knowledge, skills and management</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_3-2.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_2_and_Point_2">Baby Friendly Step 2 and Point 2</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_3-2.html#Postnatal_perceptions">Postnatal perceptions</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_3-2.html#Breastfeeding_and_separations">Breastfeeding and separations</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_3-2.html#Breastfeeding_in_special_circumstances">Breastfeeding in special circumstances</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_3-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Physical preparation</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_3-3.html#Nipple_preparation">Nipple preparation</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_3-3.html#Prenatal_breast_examination">Prenatal breast examination</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_3-3.html#Inspection">Inspection</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_3-3.html#Palpation">Palpation</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_3-3.html#Record-keeping">Record-keeping</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_3-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_3-3.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a><ol><li>5.1 <a href="topic_3-3.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li></ol></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>The Birth Experience</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_4-0.html#Lactation_physiology">Lactation physiology</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_4-0.html#What_could_delay_or_inhibit_lactogenesis_II_">What could delay or inhibit lactogenesis II?</a><ol><li>1.1.1 <a href="topic_4-0.html#Stress_and_breastfeeding">Stress and breastfeeding</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_4-0.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_4-0.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>The first hours</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_4-1.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_4">Baby Friendly Step 4</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_4-1.html#Immediately_following_birth">Immediately following birth</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_4-1.html#The_first_breastfeed">The first breastfeed</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_4-1.html#The_role_of_the_birth_attendants">The role of the birth attendants</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_4-1.html#Addressing_barriers_to_skin-to-skin">Addressing barriers to skin-to-skin</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_4-1.html#Maternal-infant_bonding">Maternal-infant bonding</a></li>
        <li>7 <a href="topic_4-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>8 <a href="topic_4-1.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Labor interventions</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_4-2.html#Analgesia_during_labor">Analgesia during labor</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_4-2.html#Neuraxial_pain_relief_epidural_spinal_">Neuraxial pain relief (epidural/spinal)</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_4-2.html#Cesarean_caesarean_section_or_vaginal_instrumental_birth">Cesarean (caesarean) section or vaginal instrumental birth</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_4-2.html#Assisting_a_mother_following_an_assisted_delivery">Assisting a mother following an assisted delivery</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_4-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_4-2.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Postnatal interventions</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_4-3.html#Separation_of_mother_and_newborn">Separation of mother and newborn</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_4-3.html#Effect_on_newborn">Effect on newborn</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_4-3.html#Effect_on_oxytocin">Effect on oxytocin</a></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_4-3.html#Effect_on_breastfeeding">Effect on breastfeeding</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_4-3.html#Washing_mother_or_newborn">Washing mother or newborn</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_4-3.html#Suctioning_of_the_newborn">Suctioning of the newborn</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_4-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_4-3.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_4-3.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Breastfeeding the Baby</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_5-0.html#It_s_a_team_effort_">It's a team effort!</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_5-0.html#Preparing_to_guide_the_mother">Preparing to guide the mother</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_5-0.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Positioning Principles</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_5-1.html#Mother_s_position">Mother's position</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_5-1.html#Baby_s_position">Baby's position</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_5-1.html#Principles_of_positioning">Principles of positioning</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_5-1.html#Biological_nurturing_feeding_position">Biological nurturing feeding position</a></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_5-1.html#The_principles_are_exactly_the_same_for_ALL_positions">The principles are exactly the same for ALL positions</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_5-1.html#The_well-latched_baby">The well-latched baby</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_5-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_5-1.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Breastmilk transfer</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_5-2.html#Understanding_the_anatomy">Understanding the anatomy</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_5-2.html#Positive_pressure_transfer">Positive pressure transfer</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_5-2.html#Negative_pressure_transfer">Negative pressure transfer</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_5-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_5-2.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Assessing breastfeeding</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_5-3.html#The_five-step_process">The five-step process</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_5-3.html#_._Gather_information_and_plan_for_the_visit">1. Gather information and plan for the visit</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_5-3.html#_._Feeding_observation">2. Feeding observation</a><ol><li>1.2.1 <a href="topic_5-3.html#What_is_involved_in_a_naturalistic_observation_">What is involved in a 'naturalistic observation'?</a></li></ol></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_5-3.html#_._Exploration_of_strategies_for_improvement">3. Exploration of strategies for improvement</a></li><li>1.4 <a href="topic_5-3.html#_._Develop_an_action_plan">4. Develop an action plan</a></li><li>1.5 <a href="topic_5-3.html#_._Communication_of_results">5. Communication of results</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_5-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_5-3.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_5-3.html#Skills_Competency_2">Skills Competency #2</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>A time to learn</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_6-0.html#How_to_provide_education_effectively">How to provide education effectively</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_6-0.html#Postnatal_education">Postnatal education</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_6-0.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_6-0.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Practical skills</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_5_and_Point_4">Baby Friendly Step 5 and Point 4</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Expressing_breastmilk">Expressing breastmilk</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Hand_expressing">Hand expressing</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Pumping_breastmilk">Pumping breastmilk</a></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Storing_breastmilk_for_a_healthy_baby">Storing breastmilk for a healthy baby</a></li><li>2.4 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Using_the_expressed_breastmilk">Using the expressed breastmilk</a></li><li>2.5 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Skills_Competency_3">Skills Competency #3</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Supporting_mothers_who_are_separated_from_their_infants">Supporting mothers who are separated from their infants</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Employment_and_breastfeeding">Employment and breastfeeding</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_6-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_6-1.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Breastfeeding messages</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_6-2.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_8">Baby Friendly Step 8</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_6-2.html#How_often_should_my_baby_breastfeed_">How often should my baby breastfeed?</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_6-2.html#Is_my_baby_getting_enough_breastmilk_">Is my baby getting enough breastmilk?</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_6-2.html#Twins_or_more_">Twins, or more!</a><ol><li>3.1.1 <a href="topic_6-2.html#Can_mothers_produce_enough_milk_for_multiples_">Can mothers produce enough milk for multiples?</a></li><li>3.1.2 <a href="topic_6-2.html#Assisting_breastfeeding">Assisting breastfeeding</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_6-2.html#When_should_I_begin_giving_baby_other_foods_">When should I begin giving baby other foods?</a><ol><li>4.1 <a href="topic_6-2.html#Baby_Friendly_Point_5">Baby Friendly Point 5</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_6-2.html#When_should_I_wean_my_baby_from_the_breast_">When should I wean my baby from the breast?</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_6-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>7 <a href="topic_6-2.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Normal growth</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_6-3.html#Weighing_of_babies_is_not_an_innocuous_procedure">Weighing of babies is not an innocuous procedure</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_6-3.html#What_influences_movement_through_growth_curves_">What influences movement through growth curves?</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_6-3.html#Accurately_weighing_an_infant">Accurately weighing an infant</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_6-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_6-3.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Sleep</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_6-4.html#Rooming-in_in_Hospital">Rooming-in in Hospital</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_6-4.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_7">Baby Friendly Step 7</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_6-4.html#How_long_should_my_baby_sleep_">How long should my baby sleep?</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_6-4.html#Where_should_my_baby_sleep_">Where should my baby sleep?</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_6-4.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_6-4.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Psychological support</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_6-5.html#Maternal_self-confidence_and_self-efficacy">Maternal self-confidence and self-efficacy</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_6-5.html#Influencing_self-confidence_and_self-efficacy">Influencing self-confidence and self-efficacy</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_6-5.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember? </a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_6-5.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Discharge planning</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Preventing_common_problems">Preventing common problems</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Timing_of_follow-up">Timing of follow-up</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Critical_warning_signs">Critical warning signs</a></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Contraception">Contraception</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Consolidating_learning">Consolidating learning</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Referral_to_mother-to-mother_support_network">Referral to mother-to-mother support network</a><ol><li>2.1.1 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_10_and_Point_7">Baby Friendly Step 10 and Point 7</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_6-6.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Self-test_Quiz">Self-test Quiz</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_6-6.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Infant Challenges</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>
          <a href="topic_7-0.html">1 Infant Challenges</a>
        </li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Late preterm infant; Non-latching</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-1.html#The_late_preterm_baby">The 'late preterm' baby</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_7-1.html#Postpartum_care">Postpartum care</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_7-1.html#Lactation_Management">Lactation Management</a></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_7-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li><li>1.4 <a href="topic_7-1.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-1.html#The_Non-latching_Baby">The Non-latching Baby</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_7-1.html#Your_first_responsibility">Your first responsibility</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_7-1.html#Principles_of_management">Principles of management</a><ol><li>2.2.1 <a href="topic_7-1.html#The_Action_Plan">The Action Plan</a></li></ol></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_7-1.html#Breast_refusal_in_the_older_baby">Breast refusal in the older baby</a></li><li>2.4 <a href="topic_7-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li><li>2.5 <a href="topic_7-1.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li></ol></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Hypoglycemia; Jaundice</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Pathologic_Neonatal_Hypoglycemia">Pathologic Neonatal Hypoglycemia</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Physiology">Physiology</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Diagnosing_pathologic_neonatal_hypoglycemia">Diagnosing pathologic neonatal hypoglycemia</a><ol><li>1.2.1 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Clinical_signs_to_observe_for_">Clinical signs to observe for:</a></li><li>1.2.2 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Which_infants_are_at_risk_">Which infants are at risk?</a></li></ol></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Preventing_pathologic_hypoglycemia">Preventing pathologic hypoglycemia</a><ol><li>1.3.1 <a href="topic_7-2.html#What_about_early_feeding_">What about early feeding?</a></li></ol></li><li>1.4 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Clinical_management_of_pathologic_hypoglycaemia">Clinical management of pathologic hypoglycaemia</a></li><li>1.5 <a href="topic_7-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li><li>1.6 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Jaundice">Jaundice</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Normal_serum_bilirubin_levels">Normal serum bilirubin levels</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Causes_of_abnormal_bilirubin_levels">Causes of abnormal bilirubin levels</a></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Physical_appearance">Physical appearance</a></li><li>2.4 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Management_of_hyperbilirubinemia">Management of hyperbilirubinemia</a></li><li>2.5 <a href="topic_7-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li><li>2.6 <a href="topic_7-2.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li></ol></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Supplementation</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Exclusive_breastfeeding">Exclusive breastfeeding</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Baby_Friendly_Point_5_and_Step_6">Baby Friendly Point 5 and Step 6</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Pre-lacteal_feeds">Pre-lacteal feeds</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Effect_on_mother_and_infant">Effect on mother and infant</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Supplementation">Supplementation</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Medical_indications_for_supplementation">Medical indications for supplementation</a><ol><li>3.1.1 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Supplements_in_order_of_preference">Supplements in order of preference</a></li></ol></li><li>3.2 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Effect_on_infant_health">Effect on infant health</a></li><li>3.3 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Effect_on_breastfeeding">Effect on breastfeeding</a></li><li>3.4 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Effect_on_the_mother">Effect on the mother</a></li><li>3.5 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Effect_on_infant_serum_glucose_levels">Effect on infant serum glucose levels</a></li><li>3.6 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Effect_on_hyperbilirubinemia">Effect on hyperbilirubinemia</a></li><li>3.7 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Effect_on_atopic_disease">Effect on atopic disease</a></li><li>3.8 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Effect_on_infant_digestion_and_absorption">Effect on infant digestion and absorption</a></li><li>3.9 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_HIV_">Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)</a></li><li>3.10 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Legal_implications">Legal implications</a></li><li>3.11 <a href="topic_7-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li><li>3.12 <a href="topic_7-3.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li></ol></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Crying baby</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-4.html#My_baby_cries_a_lot._What_should_I_do_">My baby cries a lot. What should I do?</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Pacifiers_Dummies">Pacifiers/Dummies</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_9_and_Point_4">Baby Friendly Step 9 and Point 4</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Sucking_and_breastfeeding">Sucking and breastfeeding</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_7-4.html#When_crying_is_excessive">When crying is excessive</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Lactose_malabsorption_overload">Lactose malabsorption/overload</a><ol><li>3.1.1 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Presentation">Presentation</a></li><li>3.1.2 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Management">Management</a></li></ol></li><li>3.2 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Colic">Colic</a><ol><li>3.2.1 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Management">Management</a></li></ol></li><li>3.3 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Gastroesophageal_Reflux">Gastroesophageal Reflux</a><ol><li>3.3.1 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Gastroesophageal_Reflux_Disease">Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease</a></li><li>3.3.2 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Breastfeeding_Management">Breastfeeding Management</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_7-4.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_7-4.html#Self_test_quiz">Self test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Inadequate weight gain</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Definition_of_failure_to_thrive_FTT_">Definition of failure to thrive (FTT)</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Cause_of_failure_to_thrive">Cause of failure to thrive</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_7-5.html#What_to_do_when_you_suspect_FTT">What to do when you suspect FTT</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Record_a_thorough_history">Record a thorough history</a></li><li>3.2 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Examination_of_the_baby">Examination of the baby</a><ol><li>3.2.1 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Test_weighing">Test weighing</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Management">Management</a><ol><li>4.1 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Parent_education_and_counseling">Parent education and counseling</a></li><li>4.2 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Step_1">Step 1</a></li><li>4.3 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Step_2">Step 2</a><ol><li>4.3.1 <a href="topic_7-5.html#What_supplement_shall_I_use_">What supplement shall I use?</a></li><li>4.3.2 <a href="topic_7-5.html#How_will_the_supplement_be_given_to_the_infant_">How will the supplement be given to the infant?</a></li><li>4.3.3 <a href="topic_7-5.html#When_to_supplement">When to supplement</a></li></ol></li><li>4.4 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Step_3">Step 3</a></li><li>4.5 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Step_4">Step 4</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_7-5.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
        <li>7 <a href="topic_7-5.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Feeding-line device at the breast</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-5-1.html#When_to_choose_an_at-breast_feed_line">When to choose an at-breast feed line</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-5-1.html#Equipment">Equipment</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_7-5-1.html#Preparation">Preparation</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_7-5-1.html#Technique">Technique</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Cup feeding</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-5-2.html#When_to_choose_cup_feeding">When to choose cup feeding</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-5-2.html#Equipment">Equipment</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_7-5-2.html#Preparation">Preparation</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_7-5-2.html#Technique">Technique</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Finger Feeding</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-5-3.html#When_to_consider_finger_feeding">When to consider finger feeding</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-5-3.html#Preparation">Preparation</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_7-5-3.html#Equipment">Equipment</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_7-5-3.html#Finger_feeding_technique">Finger feeding technique</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Bottle feeding</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html#When_to_use_bottle_feeding">When to use bottle feeding</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html#Considerations_when_bottlefeeding_a_breastfed_infant">Considerations when bottlefeeding a breastfed infant</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html#Bottle_feeding_technique">Bottle feeding technique</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html#Assess_a_bottle_feed">Assess a bottle feed</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html#Good_bottle_feeding_practices_are_essential">Good bottle feeding practices are essential</a><ol><li>4.1 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html#Preventable_dangers">Preventable dangers</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html#Skills_Competency_4">Skills Competency #4</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Maternal Challenges</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>
          <a href="topic_8-0.html">1 Maternal Challenges</a>
        </li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Engorgement</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_8-1.html#Breast_fullness">Breast fullness</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_8-1.html#Signs_and_Symptoms">Signs and Symptoms</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_8-1.html#Engorgement">Engorgement</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_8-1.html#Clinical_Management">Clinical Management</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_8-1.html#Areolar_oedema_edema">Areolar oedema/edema</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_8-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_8-1.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Nipple Pain</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Technique_factors">Technique factors</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Maternal_anatomy_issues">Maternal anatomy issues</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Inverted_or_non-protractile_nipples">Inverted or non-protractile nipples</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Infant_anatomy_issues">Infant anatomy issues</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Ankyloglossia_tongue_tie_">Ankyloglossia (tongue tie)</a><ol><li>3.1.1 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Presentation">Presentation</a></li><li>3.1.2 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Treatment">Treatment</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Nipple_infections">Nipple infections</a><ol><li>4.1 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Fungal_overgrowth_candidiasis_thrush_yeast_">Fungal overgrowth (candidiasis, thrush, yeast)</a><ol><li>4.1.1 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Presentation">Presentation</a></li><li>4.1.2 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Management">Management</a></li></ol></li><li>4.2 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Bacterial_infection">Bacterial infection</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Treatment_of_nipple_damage">Treatment of nipple damage</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_8-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>7 <a href="topic_8-2.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Breast Problems</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_8-3.html#Blocked_Plugged_Duct">Blocked (Plugged) Duct</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_8-3.html#Mastitis">Mastitis</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_8-3.html#Aetiology">Aetiology</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_8-3.html#Preventing_Mastitis">Preventing Mastitis</a></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_8-3.html#Diagnosis">Diagnosis</a></li><li>2.4 <a href="topic_8-3.html#Management">Management</a></li><li>2.5 <a href="topic_8-3.html#Complications">Complications</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_8-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_8-3.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Insufficient breastmilk</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_8-4.html#Perceived_breastmilk_insufficiency">Perceived breastmilk insufficiency</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_8-4.html#How_is_breastmilk_production_regulated_">How is breastmilk production regulated?</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_8-4.html#Lactogenesis_III">Lactogenesis III</a><ol><li>2.1.1 <a href="topic_8-4.html#Breast_storage_capacity_and_rate_of_breastmilk_production">Breast storage capacity and rate of breastmilk production</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_8-4.html#Insufficient_breastmilk">Insufficient breastmilk</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_8-4.html#Diagnosis">Diagnosis</a><ol><li>3.1.1 <a href="topic_8-4.html#Delayed_onset">Delayed onset</a></li></ol></li><li>3.2 <a href="topic_8-4.html#Management">Management</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_8-4.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_8-4.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Medical, Surgical Issues</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Diabetes_mellitus">Diabetes mellitus</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Impact_on_lactation">Impact on lactation</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Maternal_overweight_and_obesity">Maternal overweight and obesity</a></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Thyroid_disease">Thyroid disease</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Hepatitis">Hepatitis</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_8-5.html#HIV">HIV</a><ol><li>5.1 <a href="topic_8-5.html#WHO_Recommendations_for_infant_feeding">WHO Recommendations for infant feeding</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Breast_surgery">Breast surgery</a></li>
        <li>7 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Breastfeeding_and_medication_usage">Breastfeeding and medication usage</a></li>
        <li>8 <a href="topic_8-5.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>9 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
        <li>10 <a href="topic_8-5.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Promotion, Protection and Support</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>
          <a href="topic_9-0.html">1 Promotion, Protection and Support</a>
        </li>
      </ol>
      <h2>The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_9-1.html#Aim_of_the_WHO_Code">Aim of the WHO Code</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_9-1.html#The_safe_and_adequate_nutrition_of_all_infants.">The safe and adequate nutrition of all infants.</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_9-1.html#What_s_covered_by_the_WHO_Code_">What's covered by the WHO Code?</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_9-1.html#Breastmilk_substitute">Breastmilk substitute</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_9-1.html#Promotion_and_product_information">Promotion and product information</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_9-1.html#Free_samples">Free samples</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_9-1.html#What_can_you_do_">What can you do?</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_9-1.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>7 <a href="topic_9-1.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>The Baby Friendly Initiative</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_9-2.html#Innocenti_Declaration">Innocenti Declaration</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_9-2.html#The_Baby_Friendly_Initiative">The Baby Friendly Initiative</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_9-2.html#Baby_Friendly_hospitals">Baby Friendly hospitals</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_9-2.html#Baby_Friendly_communities">Baby Friendly communities</a></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_9-2.html#Does_Baby_Friendly_Work_">Does Baby Friendly Work?</a></li><li>2.4 <a href="topic_9-2.html#Becoming_accredited">Becoming accredited</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_9-2.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_9-2.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Young Child Feeding</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_9-3.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Local initiatives</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_9-4.html#Breastfeeding_in_public">Breastfeeding in public</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_9-4.html#Baby_Friendly_Point_6">Baby Friendly Point 6</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_9-4.html#Supporting_mothers_in_the_community">Supporting mothers in the community</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_9-4.html#Baby_Friendly_Step_10_and_Point_7">Baby Friendly Step 10 and Point 7</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_9-4.html#Engaging_the_Community">Engaging the Community</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_9-4.html#What_should_I_remember_">What should I remember?</a></li>
        <li>5 <a href="topic_9-4.html#Self-test_quiz">Self-test quiz</a></li>
        <li>6 <a href="topic_9-4.html#Assessment_Quiz">Assessment Quiz</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Infant feeding in emergencies</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_9-5.html#The_problem">The problem</a></li>
        <li>2 <a href="topic_9-5.html#The_solution_for_the_breastfed_infant">The solution for the breastfed infant</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_9-5.html#Some_frequently_asked_questions">Some frequently asked questions</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3 <a href="topic_9-5.html#The_solution_for_the_artificially_fed_infant">The solution for the artificially fed infant</a></li>
        <li>4 <a href="topic_9-5.html#What_can_you_do_to_help_">What can you do to help?</a></li>
      </ol>
      <h2>Closing session</h2>
      <ol>
        <li>1 <a href="topic_10-0.html#Have_you_completed_everything_">Have you completed everything?</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_10-0.html#Skills_competencies">Skills competencies</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_10-0.html#Nine_assessment_quizzes">Nine assessment quizzes</a></li></ol></li>
      </ol>
    </div>
    <div id="menu">
      <h1>Breastfeeding Essentials</h1>
      <ol>
        <li>1.0 <a href="topic_1-0.html">Why Breastfeeding is Important</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_1-1.html">Biochemistry</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_1-2.html">Immunology</a></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_1-3.html">Relative risks</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2.0 <a href="topic_2-0.html">Communication Skills</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_2-1.html">Non-verbal</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_2-2.html">Listening skills</a></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_2-3.html">Building confidence</a></li><li>2.4 <a href="topic_2-4.html">An example</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3.0 <a href="topic_3-0.html">Pregnancy Care</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_3-1.html">The feeding decision</a></li><li>3.2 <a href="topic_3-2.html">The barriers</a></li><li>3.3 <a href="topic_3-3.html">Physical preparation</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4.0 <a href="topic_4-0.html">The Birth Experience</a><ol><li>4.1 <a href="topic_4-1.html">The first hours</a></li><li>4.2 <a href="topic_4-2.html">Labor interventions</a></li><li>4.3 <a href="topic_4-3.html">Postnatal interventions</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>5.0 <a href="topic_5-0.html">Breastfeeding the Baby</a><ol><li>5.1 <a href="topic_5-1.html">Positioning Principles</a></li><li>5.2 <a href="topic_5-2.html">Breastmilk transfer</a></li><li>5.3 <a href="topic_5-3.html">Assessing breastfeeding</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>6.0 <a href="topic_6-0.html">A time to learn</a><ol><li>6.1 <a href="topic_6-1.html">Practical skills</a></li><li>6.2 <a href="topic_6-2.html">Breastfeeding messages</a></li><li>6.3 <a href="topic_6-3.html">Normal growth</a></li><li>6.4 <a href="topic_6-4.html">Sleep</a></li><li>6.5 <a href="topic_6-5.html">Psychological support</a></li><li>6.6 <a href="topic_6-6.html">Discharge planning</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>7.0 <a href="topic_7-0.html">Infant Challenges</a><ol><li>7.1 <a href="topic_7-1.html">Late preterm infant; Non-latching</a></li><li>7.2 <a href="topic_7-2.html">Hypoglycemia; Jaundice</a></li><li>7.3 <a href="topic_7-3.html">Supplementation</a></li><li>7.4 <a href="topic_7-4.html">Crying baby</a></li><li>7.5 <a href="topic_7-5.html">Inadequate weight gain</a><ol><li>7.5.1 <a href="topic_7-5-1.html">Feeding-line device at the breast</a></li><li>7.5.2 <a href="topic_7-5-2.html">Cup feeding</a></li><li>7.5.3 <a href="topic_7-5-3.html">Finger Feeding</a></li><li>7.5.4 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html">Bottle feeding</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>8.0 <a href="topic_8-0.html">Maternal Challenges</a><ol><li>8.1 <a href="topic_8-1.html">Engorgement</a></li><li>8.2 <a href="topic_8-2.html">Nipple Pain</a></li><li>8.3 <a href="topic_8-3.html">Breast Problems</a></li><li>8.4 <a href="topic_8-4.html">Insufficient breastmilk</a></li><li>8.5 <a href="topic_8-5.html">Medical, Surgical Issues</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>9.0 <a href="topic_9-0.html">Promotion, Protection and Support</a><ol><li>9.1 <a href="topic_9-1.html">The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes</a></li><li>9.2 <a href="topic_9-2.html">The Baby Friendly Initiative</a></li><li>9.3 <a href="topic_9-3.html">Young Child Feeding</a></li><li>9.4 <a href="topic_9-4.html">Local initiatives</a></li><li>9.5 <a href="topic_9-5.html">Infant feeding in emergencies</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>10.0 <a href="topic_10-0.html">Closing session</a><hr /></li>
        <li class="appendix"> <a href="references.html">List of references</a></li>
        <li class="current"> <img src="design/bullet_arrow_right.png" alt="*" title="You are here" /><a href="contents.html">Course contents</a></li>
        <li class="appendix"> <a href="full.html">Print version</a></li>
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